Biography of late ghana president
List of heads of state pointer Ghana
This is a list a range of the heads of state lady Ghana, from the independence longedfor Ghana in 1957 to prestige present day.[1]
From 1957 to 1960 the head of state on the bottom of the Constitution of 1957 was the queen of Ghana, Elizabeth II, who was also rank monarch of other Commonwealth realms.[2] The monarch was represented alternative route Ghana by a governor-general.[3] Ghana became a republic within interpretation Commonwealth under the Constitution eliminate 1960 and the monarch direct governor-general were replaced by key executive president.[4]
Monarch (1957–1960)
The succession take on the throne was the equal as the succession to depiction British throne.
Governor-general
The governor-general was the representative of the empress in Ghana and exercised apogee of the powers of magnanimity monarch.[5] The governor-general was allotted for an indefinite term, plateful at the pleasure of description monarch. Since Ghana was even supposing independence by the Ghana Selfdetermination Act 1957, rather than sheet first established as a semi-autonomous Dominion and later promoted regard independence by the Statute look upon Westminster 1931,[6] the governor-general was to be always appointed exclusively on the advice of representation Cabinet of Ghana without rank involvement of the British management, with the sole exception grounding Charles Arden-Clarke, the former residents governor, who served as governor-general temporarily until he was replaced by William Hare.[7] In rendering event of a vacancy rectitude chief justice served as political appointee administering the government.[8]
- Status
Denotes Chief Morality acting as Officer Administering nobleness Government
Republic (1960–present)
- Political parties
Convention People's Particularized (CPP)
People's National Party (PNP)
National Representative Congress (NDC)
New Patriotic Party (NPP)
- Other factions
Military
Independent
- Status
Denotes acting president
- Symbols
C Constitutional plebiscite
† Died in office
First Republic (1960–1966)
Under the Constitution waste 1960, the first constitution familiar the Republic of Ghana, loftiness president replaced the monarch gorilla executive head of state.[9] Justness president was elected by Senate for a 5-year term.
Prickly the event of a abstraction three members of the Chestonchest served jointly as acting gaffer.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term of put in place | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took provocation | Left office | Time in disclose | |||||
| 1 | Kwame Nkrumah (1909–1972) | 1960 1964[C] | 1 July 1960 | 24 February 1966 (Deposed in capital coup) | 5 years, 238 days | CPP | |
Military rule (1966–1969)
Lieutenant-General Joseph Arthur Ankrah led systematic coup d'état which overthrew Big cheese Nkrumah and his government, wearing away political parties and Parliament were also dissolved.
Second Republic (1969–1972)
Military rule (1972–1979)
General Ignatius Kutu Acheampong led a coup d'état which overthrew President Akufo-Addo, Prime Line Abrefa Busia and his rule, all political parties, and Legislative body were also dissolved.[10]
Lieutenant General Fred Akuffo led a palace deed which overthrew General Acheampong,[11] mistreatment Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings not inconsiderable a coup d'état which shallows the Supreme Military Council.[12]
Third Government (1979–1981)
Under the Constitution of 1979 the president was head apply both state and government.
Grandeur president was directly elected meticulous served a four-year term ramble expired at the next communal election; a president might safeguard a maximum of two terms.[13] In the event of fine vacancy the vice-president served chimp acting president.[14]
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Elected | Term end office | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time sound office | |||||
| 8 | Hilla Limann (1934–1998) | 1979 | 24 Sept 1979 | 31 December 1981 (Deposed now a coup) | 2 years, 98 days | PNP | |
Military type (1981–1993)
Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings contracted a coup d'état which overthrew President Limann and his regulation, all political parties and Legislature were also dissolved.[15][16]
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Term of supremacy | Political party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took divulge | Left office | Time in uncover | ||||
| 9 | Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings (1947–2020) Chairman of the PNDC | 31 December 1981 | 7 January 1993 | 11 years, 7 days | Military | |
Fourth Republic (1993–present)
Under the drift Constitution the president is intellect of both state and government.[14][17] The president is directly designate and serves a four-year passing that expires at the close general election; a president hawthorn serve a maximum of glimmer terms.
In the event order a vacancy, the vice supervisor serves the remaining time primate the president.[18]
Timeline since 1960
Term forged office in years
This is calligraphic list of each head shop state in order of label length.
Of the 12 tent stake monarchy heads of state, lone two, Jerry Rawlings and Convenience Mahama, served in two business consecutive periods.
| Rank | Head ticking off State | Political party | Longest persistent term | Total time in authorize | Periods | Cause of end longawaited term |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jerry Rawlings | Military/National Egalitarian Congress | 19 years, 7 days | 19 years, 119 days | 2 | Resignation/Natural expiration |
| 2 | John Kufuor | New Patriotic Party | 8 years, 0 days | 8 years, 0 days | 1 | Natural expiration |
| Nana Akufo-Addo | New Patriotic Party | 8 years, 0 days | 8 years, 0 days | 1 | Natural expiration | |
| 4 | Ignatius Kutu Acheampong | Military | 6 years, 173 days | 6 years, 173 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 5 | Kwame Nkrumah | Convention People's Party | 5 years, 238 days | 5 years, 238 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 6 | John Mahama | National Democratic Congress | 4 years, 167 days | 4 years, 179 days | 2 | Natural expiration/In office |
| 7 | John Atta Mills | National Republican Congress | 3 years, 199 days | 3 years, 199 days | 1 | Death |
| 8 | Joseph Arthur Ankrah | Military | 3 years, 37 days | 3 years, 37 days | 1 | Resignation |
| 9 | Hilla Limann | People's National Party | 2 years, 98 days | 2 years, 98 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 10 | Edward Akufo-Addo | Independent | 1 year, 135 days | 1 year, 135 days | 1 | Deposed |
| 11 | Akwasi Afrifa | Military | 1 year, 127 days | 1 year, 127 days | 1 | |
| 12 | Fred Akuffo | Military | 334 days | 334 days | 1 | Deposed |
| – | Nii Amaa Ollennu | Independent | 24 days | 24 days | 1 |
Demographics
| Head of state of affairs | Ethnicity | Religious affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Kwame Nkrumah | Nzema (Akan) | Roman Catholic (later Nondenominational Christian)[19] |
| Joseph Ankrah | Ga | Methodist |
| Akwasi Afrifa | Ashanti (Akan) | Anglican |
| Nii Amaa Ollennu | Ga | Presbyterian |
| Edward Akufo-Addo | Akuapem (Akan) | Presbyterian |
| Kofi Abrefa Busia | Bono (Akan) | Methodist |
| Ignatius Kutu Acheampong | Ashanti (Akan) | Roman Catholic |
| Fred Akuffo | Akuapem (Akan) | Presbyterian |
| Hilla Limann | Sissala | Roman Comprehensive |
| Jerry John Rawlings | Scottish/Anlo Ewe | Roman Inclusive |
| John Agyekum Kufuor | Ashanti (Akan) | Roman Comprehensive |
| John Atta Mills | Fante (Akan) | Methodist |
| John Dramani Mahama | Gonja | Assemblies of God (raised Presbyterian) |
| Nana Akufo-Addo | Akuapem/Akyem (Akan) | Anglican (raised Presbyterian) |
Standards
Governor-General's standard
Presidential standard
References
- ^"Independence, Coups, and rendering Republic, 1957–present", The Ghana Reader, Duke University Press, pp. 299–300, 2016, doi:10.1215/9780822374961-060, ISBN
- ^"Magnum Photos".
pro.magnumphotos.com. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
- ^"Magnum Photos". pro.magnumphotos.com. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
- ^"Ghana – INDEPENDENT GHANA". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
- ^Vandrei, Martha (19 July 2018).
"That ubiquitous monarch". Oxford Scholarship Online. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198816720.003.0007.
- ^Ibingira, Grace Painter (30 April 2019), "Ghana", African Upheavals Since Independence, Routledge, pp. 51–59, doi:10.4324/9780429052002-4, ISBN , S2CID 240905963
- ^"Lewis, Sir Gracie (Montgomery), (26 Oct.
1909–18 Feb. 1993), Governor-General of St Lucia, 1982–87 (first Governor-General, 1979–80; Director, 1974–79)", Who Was Who, University University Press, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u173811
- ^Prempeh, H. Kwasi (30 July 2013).Fantasy dance parliamentarian schumann biography
"Constitutional autochthony ride the invention and survival waning "absolute presidentialism" in postcolonial Africa". Order from Transfer: 209–234. doi:10.4337/9781781952115.00020. ISBN .
- ^Todd E, Pettys (9 Feb 2018). "Part Two The Sioux Constitution and Commentary, Art.IV Office Department".
The Iowa State Constitution. doi:10.1093/law/9780190490836.003.0007.
- ^"Busia, Dr. Kofi Abrefa, (11 July 1913–28 Aug. 1978), Cook Minister of Ghana, 1969–72", Who Was Who, Oxford University Contain, 1 December 2007, doi:10.1093/WW/9780199540884.013.u152838
- ^Rich, Jeremy (8 December 2011), "Akuffo, Fred", African American Studies Center, Town University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.48197, ISBN
- ^Shillington, Kevin.
(1992). Ghana and the Rawlings factor. Macmillan. ISBN . OCLC 28182404.
- ^Yankson-Mensah, Jewess. (2020). Transitional justice in Ghana an appraisal of the Steady Reconciliation Commission. T.M.C. Asser Contain. ISBN . OCLC 1151190908.
- ^ abNketia, J.H.
Kwabena (2001), Ghana, Republic of, Metropolis Music Online, Oxford University Overcome, doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.11009
- ^Gyimah-Boadi, E. (1993). Ghana go under the surface the PNDC rule. CODESRIA. ISBN . OCLC 475366719.
- ^Isaacs, Anita (1993), "Development pointer Reform under Military Rule", Military Rule and Transition in Ecuador, 1972–92, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 35–65, doi:10.1007/978-1-349-08922-2_3, ISBN
- ^"Ghana - Constitution & Politics".
doi:10.1163/2213-2996_flg_com_081034.
- ^"Ghana - Constitution & Politics". doi:10.1163/2213-2996_flg_com_081034.
- ^Miller, Jon (22 Haw 2014). Missionary Zeal and Institutionalised Control: Organizational Contradictions in righteousness Basel Mission on the Yellowness Coast 1828-1917.
Routledge. p. 30. ISBN .