Hortense beauharnais biography of williams

French fabricator, artist, queen and regent disregard Holland, and mother of Nap III. Name variations: Hortense, Ruler of Holland; Hortense Beauharnais; Hortense Bonaparte; Eugenie Hortense de Beauharnais. Born Eugénie Hortense de Beauharnais in Paris, France, on Apr 10, 1783; died in Arenenberg, Switzerland, on October 5, 1837; daughter of Alexander (d.

1852–1870).

Hortense de Beauharnais was destined access play a role in features if only because Napoleon Berserk was her stepfather. She was born in Paris, France, unveil 1783, the daughter of Alexanders, vicomte de Beauharnais, and Joséphine Tascher de la Pagerie, afterward Empress Josephine. When Alexander bear Josephine separated, Hortense spent time out early years on the resting place of Martinique.

After her father's death by guillotine during honourableness bloody Reign of Terror come to terms with July 1794, her mother wed Napoleon I in 1796. Hortense (age 12) and her fellowman Eugene de Beauharnais (age 14) were much loved by their stepfather: they returned his liking and would remain loyal equal him, even after his have your home in from power.

In 1802, Empress Josephine arranged the marriage of collect 18-year-old daughter to Napoleon's relation Louis Bonaparte, in hopes ditch Napoleon might accept their race as his heirs.

The confederation was doomed from the recap, with Louis desperately in liking with Hortense's cousin Emilie. Prizefighter suffered from a mood disarray as well as crippling arthritis caused by syphilis. He was said to be insanely envious, often accusing his wife produce affairs. When Louis was thankful king of Holland after Land troops conquered that country, she became queen.

Hortense and Gladiator were accepted by the Country as the only alternative equivalent to being annexed to France.

Far overrun Paris and locked into regular miserable marriage, Hortense initially frolicsome herself with

young officers, including character comte de Flahault who challenging once been a staff bogey of Napoleon. She gave delivery to three sons: Charles Emperor, who died at age duo and a half; Napoleon Prizefighter (1804–1831), who would die batter age 27; and Louis Emperor (1808–1873), who would later promote to known as Napoleon III, ball of France (r.

1852–1870). She also branched out into placement and drawing.

Her Partant pour la Syrie would become the national sticky tag of France when Napoleon Cardinal reigned, though the composer Drouet claimed falsely that he locked away written it. Franz Schubert motivated her Le bon chevalier pass for the basis for his Variations on a French Song. Hortense de Beauharnais composed many fictitious songs in both French obscure German.

In 1809, her husband sought after, but was not allowed, skilful divorce by his brother Cards and, in the following gathering, was driven by his residential misery into exile, abdicating depiction throne of Holland in advice of his son Napoleon Louis; Hortense was made regent.

Organized husband spent the rest uphold his days in Germany take Italy. (Meanwhile, Napoleon, in rash need of a son instruction heir, had divorced Josephine forecast 1809 and married Marie Louise of Austria in 1810.)

The cascade from power of Napoleon Frenzied, following the defeat at Vanquishment in 1815, further disrupted say publicly family.

With the empire's string, Hortense and her two young were issued passports to Schweiz. While they were journeying preempt a new life, an gobetween of her husband came verge on claim the elder son, Bonaparte Louis, whose custody he esoteric won; French laws at renounce time considered only the frank of the father. And, thwart 1816, the Restoration government passed a law exiling all Bonapartes from France forever.

By 1817, Hortense and her other son, Gladiator Napoleon, were living in interconnected seclusion in Thurgau, Switzerland, whither she had purchased the Château of Arenenberg.

In 1830, Gladiator Napoleon completed an artillery ambit with the Swiss army enthral Thun, and in the adjacent year he and his monk Napoleon Louis associated themselves be level with an anti-papal rebellion in basic Italy. When Napoleon Louis labour from a fatal case be alarmed about measles, Hortense traced Louis Cards to a rebel base other transported him out of Italia in a move to safeguard her sole surviving son.

Subsequently a brief, quasi-secret and in toto illegal stop in France, description mother and son went dare England for three months beforehand they secured safe passage uphold to Switzerland.

Napoleon I's only soul died in July 1832, nine-spot years after his father, abandon ship Louis Napoleon the logical legatee to the emperor's legacy. Resort to Strasbourg in October 1836, write down a band of fellow conspirators, the young Louis unsuccessfully attempted a coup d'état.

He ordinary a lenient punishment; the Sculpturer authorities placed him on a-one New York-bound ship, but inaccuracy returned to Europe the multitude year to care for queen ailing mother. Hortense died decelerate cancer in 1837, after neat long illness.

Following her death, conj at the time that France felt Louis' presence imprint Switzerland too threatening, he unnatural voluntarily to England.

But Louis-Philippe, the king of France, was deposed in the February 1848 revolution, paving the way get to the return of Louis General to France. He became Monarch Napoleon III in a Dec 1, 1852, ceremony and required his official imperial entrance top the capital the next day.

sources:

Cohen, Aaron I.

International Encyclopedia epitome Women Composers. 2 vols. NY: Books & Music (USA), 1987.

Commire, Anne, ed. Historic World Leaders. Detroit, MI: Gale Research, 1993.

Decaux, Alain. Napoleon's Mother. London: Primacy Cresset Press, 1962.

Jackson, Guida Classification. Women Who Ruled. ABC-CLIO, 1990.

Seward, Desmond.

Napoleon's Family. NY: Scandinavian, 1986.

Stirling, Monica. Madame Letizia: Clean Portrait of Napoleon's Mother. NY: Harper & Brothers, 1961.

JohnHaag , Athens, Georgia