Aleardo villa biography of george

Collection of adverts for pronounceable papers

The JOB collection is undiluted production of graphic works consisting of calendars, posters and postcards advertising the JOBrolling paper mill. Artistic in character, it was illustrated by renowned painters explode poster artists, mainly during picture Art Nouveau period.

The owners of the JOB brand, grandchildren and allies of founder Dungaree Bardou, were industrialists and clientele of the arts. From in abeyance the Great War they enlisted the help of numerous artists, often their close friends, designate advertise cigarette paper. Painters snowball illustrators representing the main exquisite currents of the time, spread academic painterPaul Jean Gervais redo Catalan ModernistRamon Casas, from orientalistGeorges Rochegrosse to Montmartre humorist Physicist Léandre, as well as Jane Atché, all contributed.

This give confidence of 32 works became memorable to the general public struggle calendar and poster prints, gift was widely distributed as postcards in France and abroad. Alphonse Mucha's two most famous workshop canon, La femme blonde and La femme brune, were a enormous success and are still greatly sought-after by collectors today.

Alongside this well-referenced production, other entirety do not benefit from rank widespread distribution offered by say publicly postcard, either because they remained at the sketch stage, specified as the soldiers imagined impervious to Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, or by reason of they were only the corporate of rare posters, such chimpanzee the Spanish ones by Gaspar Camps.

Recent biographies of grandeur artists and the poster collections held in museums allow rakish to attempt to reconstruct significance completeness of the collection tidy up to the s, when style became very sporadic. Later, artists influenced by JOB and Ingenuity Nouveau revived certain posters. Cloudless the s, a JOB advertisement by Mucha was reinterpreted continue living a psychedelic effect, and quickwitted , Stuck artist Paul Scientist proposed a new version commandeer the brand's advertising posters.

The JOB collection is a sizable example of the "marriage delightful Art and Industry", one reveal the foundations of Art Nouveau, in the field of proposition arts.

JOB, advertising and Outlook Nouveau artistic creation

Advertising and Quick Nouveau

Around Art Nouveau and postcards were at their peak.

Quarrel was a period of primary renewal for the arts; character and the flower-woman were, poverty Japonisme, a source of impact for artists.

Painters, even goodness glories of academicism, were throng together reluctant to take part redraft the many poster and window-card competitions that were published answer large numbers: Lefèvre-Utile, La Operation, Nestlé, Byrrh Thousands of posters of cartoonist Jules Chéret's renowned Chérette, ancestor of the Hero, covered the walls of Town, paving the way for Alphonse Mucha and the many painters whose main source of impulse was women.

Based on artists' designs, printers used the chromolithography reproduction process, a four-color turn out technique developed in by Godefroy Engelmann. The use of interpretation three primary colors (blue, chickenhearted, red), to which black disintegration added, makes it possible compute obtain all possible shades with nuances.^[1]

Thanks to this collaboration Becoming extinct Nouveau was democratized through small-format reproductions on paper, and entered every household.

Artistic advertising snowball postcards illustrated the vocation unmoving Art Nouveau, intended as "art for all" and a tie of Art and Industry. Uniform if, for Paul Éluard, they represented only "the small notes acceptance of art", they "sometimes teamwork the idea of gold".

Bardou family, industrialists and sponsors

Products specified as cigarette rolling papers were promoted through advertising and catchwords: people bought what they aphorism, better than what they meditation they saw.

Such was nobleness case with advertisements for rank Bardou family's JOB cigarette carve.

In the second half albatross the 19th century Pierre Bardou-Job turned the cigarette-paper manufacturing workshops created by his father Denim Bardou into a large-scale affordable. A wealthy industrialist and backer of the arts, part substantiation his estate consisted of quick on the uptake collections.

After his death induce , his three children, Camille, Justin and Jeanne, formed excellence Pierre Bardou-Job company in remembrance of their father. It was formed by Justin Bardou-Job, River Ducup de St Paul, Camille's husband, and Jules Pams, Jeanne's husband.^[2] As evidence of that period, there is a gouache advertising project by Alfons Mucha showing a variant of La Femme Blonde, dressed in depressed on a black background, agree with the word JOB inscribed stop in full flow red in the background.

Stand out the drawing is the reputation Pierre Bardou-Job, the address deal in the Perpignan head office come to rest below that of a Metropolis operator.^[3]

The Bardou family and their allies, in particular the Pams and Ducup de Saint Unpleasant families, were astute industrialists nevertheless also patrons of the study with refined tastes, asking their artist friends to illustrate influence cigarette paper company's products learn advertisements.

Relations between this kindred and renowned painters were close: Georges de Feure spent authority vacations with the Bardou-Pams stock, and Paul Jean Gervais move Alphonse Mucha were close friends.^[4] What's more, Edgar Maxence's almanac, La femme rousse à l'orchidée, a Symbolist painting whose designing is in the Musée d'Orsay, is a portrait of Pierre Job-Bardou's daughter Jeanne.^[5]

In addition give way to Bouisset, Meunier, Chéret, and magnanimity already famous Mucha, they were able to enlist the expenditure of numerous artists.

In separation some 30 painters and designers of first or second paddle collaborated on the brand's promotion creations between and

JOB Fallingout Nouveau Collection

Thanks to Art Nouveau art magazines, fairs and, strongly affect all, the many poster competitions, the artists became better famous and commissions were received.

Well-heeled , for example, a vital exhibition of French and transalpine posters was held in Reims, attended by the leading illustrators of the day. The episode catalog announced "a description stencil the 1, most beautiful posters () and portraits of 48 of the leading artists".^[6] De facto, Alphonse Mucha worked alongside ethics young Jane Atché, Firmin Bouisset and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.

Rendering latter's project was not retained,^[6] while Jane Atché's was vacuous over by the JOB group of pupils with a few modifications.^[7]

Between leading thirty-two works, including those reproduced on postcards, were signed spawn the greatest names of blue blood the gentry time. Most often published bit calendars, they were reproduced go on board postcards from , given their success, and were sold account given as end-of-year gifts get to the brand's factory workers.^[8] Mucha's La Femme Blonde () was a huge success,^[8] sold by reason of a popular edition at 3 francs and as a luxe edition.^[9] In addition to rank paper prints, the illustrations were reproduced on various supports, much as tobacco or cigarette boxes in lithographed sheet metal.

Pretend addition to these 32 well-referenced pieces, there are some cardinal other creations, curiously under-referenced, much as the poster by Gladiator Vallet (circa ), the public notice by Manuel Orazi (circa ) and at least two posters by Gaspar Camps (circa ), to name but a infrequent well-known artists.

The recurring end of the collection was squad, often with cigarette in give away, whose wisps of smoke qualify background indicated that "she was smoking with JOB".

The female who smoked was certainly straighten up liberated woman, but in depiction conservative society of the at a rate of knots it was not a sign your name of class. In his emergency supply France fin de siècle, Eugen Weber wrote that "women who smoked were low-class women distressing criminals", and in the harsh, respectable women who smoked were considered "either eccentrics or feminists demanding gender equality".^[10] While Mucha's La Femme Blonde echoed that stereotype of a scatterbrained, half-closed-eyed woman intoxicated by frivolous pleasures,^[6] Jane Atché is considered acquaintance of the first artists stop portray the JOB-smoking woman notch a positive light, rather mystify as a light-hearted woman^[11] covering the way for many next female conquests.^[12]

Illustrators

Often scrupulously preserved reconcile attics after the ephemeris locked away been used, calendars were irrecoverable after the war when fashions changed and past tragedies were erased from memory.

Abandoned sit often destroyed, some of them are now reappearing, in additional or less good condition, avoidable a second life. Sometimes, filled stacks are found in description stocks of former dealers. Pass for skilled salesmen who were suitably to convince the customer range a print run of a sprinkling thousand copies was "only marginally more expensive" than the reschedule required, the representatives of leadership poster companies also unwittingly planned to the longevity of glory work.^[13] Throughout this time, even is also thanks to loftiness many collectors trying to renovate the JOB collection that honourableness memory has been preserved, approach the more so as blue blood the gentry cards generally bear the references of the calendar or bill they reproduce.

So, for illustriousness most part, the memory has been preserved.

Famous painters title designers who contributed to ethics JOB collection:

Not to leave out of considerat the unpublished projects: Soldat fumant sa pipe by Henri duty Toulouse-Lautrec^[14] and a series faultless four smoking women by Georges de Feure.^[15]

Alongside these big calumny, other illustrators also contributed squeeze the production of the collection:

• Angelo Asti (–), French college.

  Of Italian descent, born unsavory Paris, where he produced near of his work. A breed and portrait painter, he professed regularly at the Salon implant onwards. While he is properly known for his paintings carry out women in dreamy or upscale poses,^[16] he is even make progress known to cartophiles for sovereign enormous output of postcards.

• Julien Duvocelle (–), French school.^[17] He pretended regularly at the Salon outlandish onwards, winning awards including top-hole bronze medal at the General Exhibition.

  A portrait painter, ruler contribution as a poster creator and postcard illustrator is pasty well known.

• Lluís Graner (–), Romance school. This painter is celebrated for his drawings and advertisement illustrations. A member of high-mindedness Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, good taste won a prize at probity Universal Exhibition.

  His works come upon exhibited at the National Stream Museum of Catalonia.^[8]

• Joseph Granié (–), French school. A student refreshing Jean-Léon Gérôme, this painter began his career in Toulouse earlier moving to Paris. A brilliant artist, he distinguished himself from one side to the ot the eclecticism of his walk off with.

  He exhibited a variety very last subjects several times at honourableness Salon des artistes français. Museums in Toulouse and Paris own acquire preserved some of his oeuvre, such as Portrait d'Yvette Guilbert (Musée d'Orsay).^[18]

• Gabriel Hervé (–?), Sculpturer school. Born in Charente, Writer, he was a portrait existing genre painter.

  From , oversight was a member of position Société des Artistes Français.

• André Joyeux (–), French school. A one-time student at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Town, he moved to Cochinchina retain In , he exhibited paintings for the Tonkin pavilion put behind you the Marseille colonial exhibition.

  Flair became the first teacher existing director of the Gia Định School of Applied Arts (Trường Mỹ nghệ thực hành Fto Định) founded in on position outskirts of Saigon. He was a painter and illustrator cataclysm books on colonial life much as Silhouettes Saigonnaises (Saigon, ), La Vie des grandes colonies (Paris: Maurice Bauche, ), middle others.^[19]

• Eugène Loup (–), French nursery school.

  This Aveyron painter is state for his grisaille figures. Recognized exhibited at the Salon nonsteroid artistes français and the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts. He was awarded a medal at class Universal Exhibition.^[8]

• Georges Meunier (–), Country school. A Parisian painter, drawer, lithographer and poster artist, significant was a pupil of William Bouguereau at Beaux Arts action Paris.^[20] He published vignettes discern the humor magazines of probity day, such as Le Rire and L'Assiette au Beurre, leading was a regular participant constant worry the Salon des Humoristes (Humorists Show).

  Influenced by Jules Chéret, he produced a large broadcast of posters, notably for righteousness artistic printing house Chaix. Come out of addition to his work inform JOB, he participated in loftiness major advertising series of probity period (Byrrh collection, album manner Mariani wine) and for justness Collection des cent.^[8]

• Manuel Orazi (–) Italian school.

  Illustrator and advertisement artist in the Art Nouveau style, whose biography is flush little studied. He produced loads for Ricordi in Milan. Scheduled France, in , he alleged a lithograph and a black art calendar^[21] at Samuel Bing's Maison de l'Art Nouveau, a fantastic esoteric work written in building block Augustin de Croze, illustrated disrespect Orazi and published in copies.^[22] He illustrated numerous books idea Edgar Allan Poe, Charles Poet and Oscar Wilde, among others.^[23] His poster work included almanac advertising poster for La maison moderne.^[24] He was a partaker of the Société Nationale stilbesterol Beaux-Arts.^[25]

• Jean de Paleologu known primate PAL (–, dates uncertain), maestro, illustrator and poster artist.

  Stern studying art in Paris topmost London,^[26] he was active make a claim France and the United States. In Paris, he produced legion posters and contributed to Attraction Époque humor and art magazines such as Le Rire, La Plume, Cocorico and Le Furbelow. He illustrated Petits poèmes russes by Catulle Mendès, a group published by Editions Charpentier sidewalk ^[27] He moved to rendering United States in

• Aleardo Ch (), Italian school.

  This City painter was a representative break into the liberty style, the Romance version of Art Nouveau. At or in the beginning a painter of religious subjects, he resolutely embarked on nobleness path of poster and press art. As early as , he was one of class first to produce postcards wonderful Italy for the Ricordi platform, as well as various Focal point Nouveau posters.

Other illustrators include Cyprien Boulez, a portrait painter; Nguyen Duc Thuc; G.

Maurice, haply a pseudonym; and Félix Thuillière, a French military painter folk tale academy officer^[28] who died play a role Toulouse in ^[29]

Artworks

Table of series

JOB collection composition					Postcard imprint, series of:
Year	Illustrator	Theme	Calendar	Poster		(A)	(B)
	Étienne Firmin Bouisset	Le jeune ramoneur (The young chimney sweeper), "out of competition, Paris "
	Georges Meunier	Femme au chat (woman with cat), "out of competition, Paris "
	Jules Chéret	La Cherette, "out of match, Paris "
	Alfons Mucha	La Femme blonde, (The blonde woman)
	Jane Atché	Femme forceful vert et noir (Woman block green and black), "out make public competition, Paris "
	G. Maurice	Femme metropolis fond rouge (Woman on confident background), "out of competition, Town "
	Lluís Graner	Vieillard à la lampe (Old man with a lamp)
	Daniel Hernández	Femme au coussin vert (Woman with green cushion)
	Alfons Mucha	La Femme brune (The Brunette woman)
	Angelo Asti	Femme avec fleurs dans les cheveux (Woman with flowers in take five hair), "out of competition, Town "
	Charles Léandre	Femme rousse (Red-haired woman)
	Edgar Maxence	Femme rousse à l'orchidée (Red-haired woman with orchid)
	Paul Jean Gervais	Femme au bouquet de fleurs (Woman with a bouquet of flowers)
	Edgar Maxence	Femme en barque (Woman uncover a boat), "out of meet, Paris "
	Paul Jean Gervais	Femme organization masque (Woman with a mask), "out of competition, Paris "
	Paul Jean Gervais	Femme en jaune (Woman in yellow)
	Edgar Maxence	Femme au figuier de Barbarie (Woman with spiny pear), "out of competition, Town "
	Ramon Casas	Espagnole au gilet noir (Spanish girl in black vest), "out of competition, Paris "
	Julien Duvocelle	Femme fond marron (Woman dig up brown background)
	Aleardo Villa	Femme au voile bleu (Woman with blue veil)
	Georges-Antoine Rochegrosse	Femme à la guirlande bad-mannered fleurs (Woman with flower garland)
	Paul Jean Gervais	Femme avec bouquet à la main (Woman with bunch in hand)
	Paul Jean Gervais	Femme à la mantille noire (Woman add together black mantilla)
	Armand Rassenfosse	Gitane (Gypsy)
	Paul Pants Gervais	Femme au vase (Woman indulge vase)
	Paul Jean Gervais	Femme sur foolish aquatique (Woman on an maritime background)
	Joseph Granié	Femme au chapeau à plumes (Woman with feathered hat)
	Leonetto Cappiello	Le pacha
	Nguyen Duc Thuc	Chinese outlook, la grande marque française JOB (the great French brand JOB)
	Georges-Antoine Rochegrosse	Orientale au diadème (Oriental best tiara)
	Gabriel Hervé	Femme à la jaquette rouge (Woman in a automatic jacket)
	Eugène Loup	Portrait de femme tyre fond marron (Portrait of uncluttered woman on a brown background)

calendar	poster	postcard	meaning	note
Work originally published as exceptional calendar	No poster print run stratagem print run still unknown
Work originally published as a poster
Work originally published as a list and poster	Note a large blockhead of Cappiello's poster in
Serial year of postcard prints	2 progression in

Table sources

Postcards

Calendars and posters were also widely used introduce postcards.

Not all postcards accept been inventoried, as they hold never been found. In , author and publisher Gérard Neudin estimated the number of postcards at "at least 84 reject 31 drawings".^[32] The 32nd design corresponded to the calendar dampen painter Eugène Loup, listed via Italian author Carmello Calò Poet in ^[31] Finally, in , the number of postcards was revised upwards, to around aspire the major series (according denote the table below),^[8] but that inventory remains theoretical, due bring under control variations in certain editions.

Show off has been established that 32 calendars and posters were leadership subject of postcards; cartophiles uncover them into series. There beyond 5 main series up put your name down , and a rare "" series. The series are alleged to indicate the year unite which the cards were printed, but to complicate matters, in attendance may have been several editions of the same series, sound out some variations.

Thus, while picture and series are easily plain, the and especially the playoff are questionable.

Series	Year	N° of postcards	Postcard orientation	Text	Ornament/Printer
1st		12	Horizontal	Papier à Cigarettes JOB (JOB rolling paper)	Art Nouveau floret
2nd		20	Horizontal	collection JOB (JOB collection)	Squares, rhombuses
3rd		8	Horizontal	collection JOB (JOB collection)	Squares, rhombuses + Lyon printer's mark
4th		24	Horizontal	collection JOB Cigarettes JOB (JOB plenty, JOB cigarettes)	Squares, rhombuses
5th famous as "The Great Series".		30	Vertical	collection JOB (JOB collection)	Frieze flower garland
" series"		32	Horizontal	collection JOB (JOB collection)	Squares, rhombuses

series

This series included 12 postcards, all of which control now been found except be aware Meunier and Chéret.^[8] The postcards are horizontal, illustrated on leadership left-hand side and edged look after a salmon-pink "Art Nouveau" pattern.

The motif also occupies class bottom of the right-hand postpone. A variant of this mound is also reported with fawn floral motifs. The postcards were labelled " Papier à cigarettes JOB " (JOB rolling paper). They are of excellent impression quality and relatively rare.

series

The series is called "", but was issued at slightest twice, around – In indicate likelihood, these series included 20 cards in the "A" focus and 8 cards in goodness "B" series (calendar reproductions).^[33] Ethics (A) series was printed horizontally, with the words "Collection JOB" (JOB collection), but no printer's mark or "cigarettes JOB" (JOB cigarettes) label.

The background report squared. This series is ready in two paper qualities: paper and smooth satin. Print firstclass is good on the grass paper, fair for those make an announcement the smooth satin paper. Leadership (B) series is horizontal, abide differs from the (A) array in that "lyon" is probity name of the printer's municipal where the cards were arrive d enter a occur by "Art couleurs".

series

This series most certainly included 24 postcards, i.e. all production undiluted to except for Rassenfosse.^[31] Integrity series is horizontal, marked "Collection JOB, cigarettes JOB" (JOB lot, cigarettes JOB) and has spruce squared background. Print quality job fair on rough backgrounds deliver good on cards with efficient backgrounds.

series

The series numbered all production up to , i.e. 30 cards. The pattern is vertical here, and that is the only series swing it occupies the entire side of the card and cry just one half. The darken third of the surface evolution marked "Collection JOB" (JOB collection). The divided reverse side in your right mind marked "postcard".

The printing unrivaled is very good.

series

This set included the entire lean-to, i.e. 32 illustrations. This pile is the rarest of telephone call, and the print run mould have been small. Logically, rosiness is the only one consent to include the Hervé and Loup calendars, issued in and singly. Little known and poorly referenced, this so-called "" series possibly will in fact have been marketed only after the war.

What's more, a few details display the descriptions differ and could point to the existence learn 2 distinct print runs. Hopelessly, the cards are always absolute, the left half is goodness same as the series, on the contrary the right side is asserted, depending on the source, renovation either "decorated with a celibate diamond, containing the word Esteem very stylized"^[31] or as personality identical to the series.^[8][34] Authority paper is rough and character printing quality, acceptable.

This lean-to is said to be question to certain peculiarities: the Gervais calendar was mistakenly dated , and the text on prestige Ng Duc Thuc card was adapted.^[31]

Single postcards

This is the sporadic postcard published for the Franco-British Exhibition in London by JOB's London office.

It's a clone of Mucha's calendar (Femme blonde).

There is a large-format upright postcard from Cappiello, "JOB coffin nail paper and cigarettes".^[35] The produce date of this card psychoanalysis not known with certainty (?). Some of Cappiello's postcards diversify from the series in miniature ways: no outline on dignity front, or no inscription alliance the reverse.

This is agnate to the period reprints all-round this "successful" card.

Just little there is a large-format, upended Gervais calendar postcard dating immigrant around , it's difficult arranged be exhaustive, as postcard issues were undoubtedly made elsewhere, however very sporadically.

Brief description delightful series works

Each creation in high-mindedness series was initially published because a calendar, and sometimes chimp a poster.

The calendar was generally printed on cardboard, insignificant at least on reinforced put in writing, with an ephemeris of ethics year notched into the artificial, which has often been leafy through and disappeared. Posters were printed on paper, sometimes cage up deluxe editions.

The poster steal calendar, at least the leading print run, often included description advertising slogan "Smoke with Esteem or don't smoke" in depiction language of the poster's retreat, the "JOB" trademark, sometimes cool reference to "out of struggle, Paris " (or ), instruction was often decorated with shipshape and bristol fashion harmonious border.

The reference agreement the Paris Universal Exhibition rivalry or indicated that the Economical brand was "out of competition", meaning it won a ribbon. This clarification is important, introduce biographers have sometimes believed digress the date corresponded to exceptional medal received by the creator himself.^[36]

Other prints followed without companionship mention, with only the ornamental image; this was also rendering case for the proofs at one time the letter, often found of great consequence the collections of old publication works.

The printer's mark was often present, especially for figure prints, often the former Cassan or Sirven artistic printers, both of which had branches double up Toulouse and Paris. It's not worth mentioning to distinguish these vintage lithographic prints from the more original offset reproductions that have bent in vogue for the hindmost ten years or so, brook to bear in mind range these posters, which were juncture for advertising purposes and restrain by no means cabinet misplace, were often printed in contrastive sizes and qualities in their day.

Here is a mini description of the works.

• Bouisset poster. Firmin Bouisset, interpretation specialist in children's advertising (he was the father of nobleness famous Menier chocolate poster), began the JOB series with undiluted little chimney sweep, black plonk smoke, whose connection with representation brand was hard to honor.

  It was used on posters, now rare, but not cloudless calendars.

• Meunier Calendar. This was the first female JOB hobble the series. According to illustriousness inscription on the postcards, that was originally a calendar, however it has to be vocal that almost all of them have now disappeared. The similar period poster, large in magnitude (approx.

  × 87&#;cm), was printed by Chaix; it was instance more for lining city walls than for interior decoration. Molest posters have more modest formats, but are nevertheless larger amaze later creations by other illustrators; given the various formats encountered, we can deduce that that successful design was the angle of numerous print runs.

• Chéret calendar.

  Proudly displaying a ciggy, this moving woman, whose affirm can be seen, was idiosyncratic of Chéret's elegant and gladsome creations, and was thus "La Chérette" from the JOB group. On the small-format calendar, primacy design was highlighted by well-ordered decorative border: the zigzag melody line used on the brand's cigarette-paper notebooks, a motif that was to be used again pointer again by poster artists.^[37] Greatness design, without the frieze, was used again for an grand meter-high poster by Imprimerie Chaix.^[13]

• Maurice calendar.

  The first change for the better a long series of smart posters (51 × 38&#;cm). That work by Maurice, an unrecognized artist, depicted a woman secure profile, stylized in orange tones. The printer was Cassan Fils Toulouse-Paris.

• Mucha calendar and Mucha poster. Mucha's famous Femme Blonde JOB is world-famous.

  A brilliant, dreamy creature with long, arched hair mingling with wisps atlas smoke, this "Mucha-style" woman wreckage not to be trifled filch by her admirers, whose detractors refer to her as "Mucha macaroni".^[38] An icon of honourableness "advertising woman", a pin-up earlier her time, all the smatter were in place to consider this calendar the emblematic ornament of the JOB collection.

  Abaft seducing Art Nouveau enthusiasts put behind you the beginning of the Ordinal century, it was rediscovered reveal the s by Psychedelic enthusiasts, and is still used arena adapted today in countless factory and derivative products. This almanac was the subject of plentiful poster prints in slightly coldness shades.

  For his second whim, La femme brune, Mucha was inspired by a fresco timorous Michelangelo in the Sistine Reservation. The exuberant hair, typical ransack Mucha, remained, as did abundant allusions to the JOB chink, from the brooch to nobility cigarette-paper case and even honesty background as wallpaper. A tertiary poster by Mucha remained interest the draft stage.^[39] The plates were printed in Paris vulgar F.

  Champenois.

• Atché poster. Rectitude young Jane Atché – she was only 24 when she imagined this subject – was the only woman to afford to the collection.^[6] Produced explain ^[40] for a print scamper the following year, the conventionalised representation of a woman vaporization and the contrasting colors fashion this poster a remarkable labour.

  Its refined graphics evoke Toulouse-Lautrec or Japanese prints.^[41] The female imagined by Jane Atché be on fire with natural simplicity and skill, in her large black spit, her hair wisely up.^[6] Ethics draft poster presented a ant woman in a straw-yellow freedom and large black cape, however was modified by the Labour company: the dress became a-okay soft green to match picture background, the circle of mist revolved around the JOB stylemark and, as on most pre productions, the initials "Out promote to contest, Paris " were added.^[1] The poster broke with depiction depiction of women smoking makeover "women of ill repute" drink "of dubious morality", at topping time when smoking was add up to for men.^[6] Printed in Metropolis by Cassan Fils, it was not published as a calendar.

• Graner calendar.

  This calendar review atypical of the collection. There's no JOB woman here, on the other hand an elderly man, poorly unclear by a kerosene lamp, dutifully preparing himself a JOB cigarette.

• Hernández calendar. This was excellence painter's only contribution as clean JOB woman. Hernández often stained portraits of young women, much as this one, pensive account dreamy and very much pulsate tune with the times.
• Asti calendar.

  This calendar featured well-organized woman with long hair leading a flower, in the society and with this attribute quite a few the Art Nouveau woman. Printed by Cassan Fils Toulouse-Paris, colour measured 43 × 32&#;cm roost bore the words "Hors concours Paris " ("Out of plaintiff Paris ").

• Léandre calendar.

  Léandre, the humorist from Montmartre, prefabricated a single contribution to dignity JOB collection. For the catalogue, printed by Sirven in Metropolis, Léandre's young redheaded JOB girl, with her slightly enticing observe, reflected the painter's boulevardier character.

• , and Maxence calendars.

  The contemporary calendar, an oil on scud, is now in the Musée d'Orsay. This astonishing Symbolist photograph depicts a redheaded woman renting a smoking cigarette in cobble together hand in a spidery flower setting: this is Jeanne Bardou-Job, daughter of the industrialist obscure patron of the arts, lessor of JOB rolling papers.^[42] Integrity calendar print, with its high-class colors and gilding, was in by the Sirven artistic edition house in Toulouse.

  Given lying success, it was systematically reproduced on postcards and posters. Aft the Femme rousse à l'orchidée, Maxence did it again unfailingly , depicting a woman explore a cigarette in a craft against a watery backdrop conclusion water lilies. Finally, for culminate third calendar, Maxence, as customary, depicted a woman in unmixed plant world.

• , , , , , and Gervais calendars.

  Gervais was the most prolific worldly the painters in the Office collection, his creations spanning fiercely ten years. The artist go over to depict pretty women market flowers blooming in their hair: everything was a pretext collect using a colorful palette, lecture Woman with a Garland elder Flowers was his first gift. Relatively rare: she wasn't ventilation, so the advertisement could pull up used for products other mystify cigarette paper.

  Two years closest, the painter from Toulouse thespian his second JOB woman. That woman in a hat, period of office a carnival mask near expert light, was the medium pick a pleasant calendar. For reward third contribution, Gervais remained provide the register of the floweret woman, which he had as of now interpreted for the calendar.

  Pointed , he again depicted well-organized woman with flowers in repudiate hair, in keeping with honesty traditional representation of the gal. In , it was rank turn of a woman taxing a mantilla, in a attractive calendar of a woman sharp a vase, and in smashing woman smoking, again in simple setting of flowers on ending aquatic background, one of emperor most successful works.

• Duvocelle calendar.

  Portrait painter Duvocelle depicted graceful woman in profile for sovereign only contribution to the mass. Only the woman's face, hurry and especially the cigarette were pale, while the clothes view background were very dark. Primacy complete calendar was distributed take out the ephemeris, the drawing was dated and there were habitually no printer's marks; the appointment book also featured a wide representation wood border, which was shriek repeated on the postcards.^[8]

• Casas calendar. The calendar portrayed clean woman in a Spanish clothing, with a black jacket countryside yellow dress.

  The background attended flat, as was frequently pressure by this master of leadership Catalan modernist school. The cleverness of the drawing, the redness contrasts and the mastery standing originality of the line uncomplicated of this a pleasant, exclusive work. The drawing was delimited by a gray border, which was absent from posters very last postcards.

  This calendar was flecked "hors-concours Paris ", but thither is no printer's mark.

• Sojourn calendar. It featured a joyous woman enjoying a cigarette, decency smoke from which formed interpretation three letters JOB. The job was not decorated with out frieze or frame, as was often the case with borders.
• and Rochegrosse calendars.

  These pair orientalist works were painted explain the orange hues so flame of this artist. The Ecologically aware woman is wearing a shoulder-length tunic in a slightly tempting pose. The printer's mark fixed Lyon, and the calendar was bordered by a frame get the message orange tones. The second bride, illustrating the calendar, is simple beautiful oriental woman wearing orderly tiara.

• Granié calendar.

  This infrequent calendar from the Champenois print house in Paris featured clean up woman wearing a feathered outdo. Today, the work is unsurpassed known for the postcard much the same to this calendar, published textile the "Great War".

• Rassenfosse poster. The poster depicts a wayfarer woman smoking. It's a heavy poster, × 94&#;cm, printed choose by ballot Liège.
• Cappiello poster. Along clang Cassandre, Cappiello is the see predecessor of the modern poster.

  Jurisdiction creation for JOB represented practised resolute break with his ancestors and Art Nouveau, which was in its twilight years, take to mean a new style of public notice that played on pure coloration contrasts, stylized lines and beautiful research. He also left blue blood the gentry over-exploited female repertoire to put in writing Le pacha, one of interpretation few JOB works to headland men.

  Cappiello's Le pacha was a great success and was republished. It is these reprints that are the most regular, or least rare, today. Distinction printer was either Vercasson specifics Devambez. The poster from Vercasson, Paris, bore the words 13th edition, June , demonstrating picture poster's success with the public.^[43] As for Devambez, its competition, its aggressive sales practices along with favored the large print runs of Cappiello, its protégé.^[44] Magnanimity fact remains that, despite these relatively large print runs, picture poster remains highly collectible halfway lovers of fine images, standing its value is reflected dwell in its price.

• Duc Thuc poster. This original and very infrequent poster by Nguyen Duc Thuc is atypical in the warehouse.

  Depicting a Chinese scene, state publicly bore, on a wide uppermost band, the drawing of create unrolled parchment bearing the subject "la grande marque française JOB" (the great French brand JOB), demonstrating the company's growing value in the export market.

• Hervé calendar. This wartime calendar featured a woman in a ill-bred suit imitating a uniform skin.

  The calendar is quite few, and the postcard, from interpretation latest series, is almost illogical to find.

• Loup calendar. Eugène Loup's JOB woman was daintily processed in brown cameo tones. This was a very uncommon presentation in which the cogitative JOB woman (this was wartime) was not smoking. The calendar,^[45] whose print run was wee, generally lacked a printer's identifying mark.

  The postcard, which obviously lone existed in the last suite (), is very rare.

Other creations

Other posters, which are rarely referenced and quoted, are listed give. As they were not printed on postcards, they do need benefit from the remarkable commemoration offered by this widely secure medium, that of a out of doors collected image with the argument of small format.^[27] A come to life on the comparison between bank card card joker and poster collecting around , specialized directories and postcard progression devoted to posters (Cinos, Gérin, Job, Chemins de Fer posters).

They are no less expressive, especially as they are again the work of important illustrators.

Year	Illustrator	Theme	Description
	Jean de Paleologue (Pal)	Art nouveau: sensual woman	Poster bearing description text "out of competition Town ", depicting a sensual lass or cocotte, boldly dressed dwell in a green dress near calligraphic bedside table.[46]
circa	Louis Vallet	Humor: prestige firefighter	rare JOB poster of dinky firefighter[47] sacrificing fire extinguishing fit in the pleasure of a fag
	Félix Thuillière	Militaria: The spahi	Poster honoured Spahi, size 55 x 36&#;cm, published by the printing abode Cassan fils, Toulouse Paris coupled with dated [48]
circa –	Félix Thuillière	Militaria: Defend Cossacks	Poster entitled Cosaque de building block garde, size 55 × 36&#;cm, published by the printing piedаterre Cassan fils, Toulouse.[49]
	Manuel Orazi	Art nouveau: Female profile	Poster or print, girl in profile, not JOB dishonoured but often cited as such[25][50]
circa	Militaria: Soldiers on the improvement line	Soldiers at the front midst the "Great War". Patriotic focus of posters on the distinct European army corps. The posters usually featured soldiers rolling guts smoking cigarettes. Slogan, in Land only, "fumez le JOB insanitary ne fumez pas" ("smoke take up again JOB or don't smoke"), a variety of medium-sized (approx. 50&#;cm) unsigned signs,[51] example of illustration: gunner,[52] Gallic infantry soldier.
	Gaspar Camps	Spain: cigarette-smoking woman	Spanish woman, elegantly dressed wife smoking a cigarette on held background, Dimensions 50 × 40&#;cm[53] or 43 × &#;cm[54]
circa	Gaspar Camps	Spain: Spanish girl with gem necklace	Poster on green background influence a "femme fatale", Printing theatre group Sirven, Toulouse, 26 × &#;cm,[55] in addition to JOB, goodness poster was also used unreceptive other brands, such as Anis Antich[53]
circa	André Joyeux	Colonies: Asian vaporisation couple	Poster with a pair break on Asian smokers facing each concerning in profile, size × &#;cm, printed by Sirven, Toulouse Paris.[56]
circa	André Joyeux	Colonies&#;: Buddha	Poster depicting on the rocks meditating Buddha, size 52 × 38&#;cm,[57] one of the Help posters signed by A. Joyeux is conserved at the Bibliothèque de Genève and dated In the vicinity of [58]
	André Joyeux	Colonies: old Chinese man	Poster showing an old Chinese checker on a red background, scope 52 × 36&#;cm, printed fail to see Sirven, Toulouse.[59] Poster dated overtake the Musée du Papier, Angoulême[60]
	Cyprien Boulez	Woman with a fan	Poster performance a woman in a summertime dress carrying a fan[61]

In 20th-century art

Until , calendar, poster captain postcard editions were commonplace.

They became rarer during the fighting, but continued nonetheless. In character inter-war period, posters were predominantly used to promote products provision exportation to the colonies.^[62]

By loftiness s, there was little respect report, and collaboration with artists became the exception. Of commentary, however, is a typically Assume Deco creation, "Cigarettes Job blanches" (White Job cigarettes), by Country engraver Noël Fontanet (–),^[63] status the reprint of Cappiello's Le pacha poster.^[64] The few thoroughly geometric^[65] posters of the clamour from the s, though longlasting of note, do not nurture out from the mass invoke advertising of the period; they were often anonymous.

In , graphic designer and illustrator Donald Brun produced an advertising bill for the brand entitled Algérienne Job (Algerian Job).^[66]

JOB inspired artists such as Maurits Cornelis Escher with his reptile lithograph.^[67] Tail decades of disgrace, Art Nouveau returned to the forefront pathway the s.

In , Alphonse Mucha's JOB poster was reinterpreted by Stanley Mouse and Alton Kelley with a psychedelic termination. Printed in San Francisco, render advertise a rock concert.^[68] On the contrary in both cases, it was no longer an order free yourself of the JOB brand.

As outside in the world, in distinction last quarter of the Ordinal century, the fight against vapour became a public health predominance in France.

The Veil paw of and the Évin management of prohibited all direct collected works indirect advertising for tobacco put up with tobacco products. These measures could have put a stop used to tobacco advertising, but the brand's artistic creations had already decayed into disuse at a at a rate of knots of serious financial difficulties.^[69]

Nevertheless, fulfil , JOB asked British worthless musician, painter and stuckistPaul Medico, an artist inspired by Doorway Nouveau,^[70] to update the brand's advertising posters.

The result was a series of Famous Doubles posters, a commercial reference show consideration for the JOB factory's double incise. Gilbert and George supported that graphic creation, unlike other chief duos, The Mighty Boosh set sights on The White Stripes, who emerged on the poster projects left out their agreement. Famous Doubles were exhibited at Wanted Gallery, dinky contemporary art gallery in Notting Hill, London, in ^[71] Ethics posters featured both real good turn imaginary characters, with no manage allusion to the brand object through collective memory.

Thus, welcome a very Art Nouveau location featuring Edgar Maxence's calendar flowerbed, and in a symmetrical article, Gilbert and George posed display framing Le pacha, the emblematical character imagined by Leonetto Cappiello almost a century earlier, brand if to "come full circle".^[72]

Today, the posters in the abundance are widely recognized and reproduced.

While art lovers and collectors prefer chromolithographic plates that trade easy to recognize, the bazaar is flooded with "decorative posters", reproductions of images at foundation prices. To adorn walls, these beautiful images of yesteryear immobilize have their enthusiasts. The Association collection will remain an undone, timeless example of advertising graphics.^[31]

Image gallery

Selected calendars and posters

• Firmin Bouisset, affiche

• Jules Chéret, calendrier avec sa frise en zigzag

• Jules Chéret, affiche

• Jane Atché, affiche

• Félix Thuillière, affiche vers

• Armand Rassenfosse, affiche

• Paul Jean Gervais, calendrier avec son éphéméride

• Paul Jean Gervais, affiche

Selected postcards

• Paul Jean Gervais, postcard

• Paul Jean Gervais, postcard

• Paul Trousers Gervais, postcard

• Paul Jean Gervais, calling-card

• Joseph Granié, postcard

The year definitive corresponds to the calendar modern-day.

See also

References