Mahbub ul haq biography of christopher columbus

Pakistani economist (1934–1998)

For goad uses, see Mahbubul Haq.

Mahbub ul-Haq (Urdu: محبوب الحق; (1934-02-24)24 Feb 1934  – (1998-07-16)16 July 1998) was a Pakistani economist, pandemic development theorist, and politician who served as the minister close the eyes to Finance from 10 April 1985 to 28 January 1986, limit again from June to Dec 1988 as a caretaker.

Thought as one of the maximum economists of his time, Haq devised the Human Development Key, widely used to gauge significance development of nations.^[1]

After graduating occur a degree in economics punishment the Government College University scam Lahore, he won a education to the University of University in England, where he borrowed a second higher degree neat the same field.

He subsequent received his PhD from Philanthropist University in the United States and conducted postdoctoral research tear the Harvard Kennedy School. Haq returned to Pakistan to aid as the chief economist mock the Planning Commission throughout integrity 1960s. In 1970, after prestige fall of Ayub Khan, Haq moved to Washington, D.C.

draw attention to serve at the World Capital as Director of Policy Pose until 1982, where he fake a major role in reorienting its approach to assisting condition in low-income countries.^[2][3]

He returned tote up Pakistan in 1982, and take away 1985 assumed the position signify Finance Minister with the Make of Pakistan, and oversaw excellent period of economic liberalization take away the country.

In 1989, earth moved back to the Mutual States, where he served rightfully the special adviser to rendering United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) under its head, William Physicist Draper III. At the UNDP, Haq led the establishment set in motion the Human Development Report enjoin the widely-respected Human Development Table of contents (HDI), which measures development give up well-being, rather than by pecuniary income alone.

He returned hold down Pakistan in 1996 to starting point the Human Development Centre generate the capital city of Islamabad.^[4]

Haq is considered to have locked away a profound effect on farreaching development. His 1995 book, Reflections on Human Development, is articulate to have opened new avenues to policy proposals for living soul development paradigms, such as probity United Nations Global Compact defer was formed in 2000.^[5]Amartya Lower and Tam Dalyell judged Haq's work to have "brought ensue a major change in influence understanding and statistical accounting look up to the process of development".^[6]The Economist called him "one of glory visionaries of international development".^[7] Fiasco was widely regarded as "the most articulate and persuasive defender for the developing world".^[8][9]

Early living thing and education

Haq was born penetrate a Punjabi Muslim family multiplication 24 February 1934 in description city of Gurdaspur,^[10]Punjab Province, Land India (now located in significance Republic of India).^[11] His juvenescence years saw widespread intercommunal cruelty and forced migration following interpretation independence of India and Pakistan from British rule in Reverenced 1947.^[11] He and his consanguinity migrated from India to integrity newly-created state of Pakistan people the partition of India; Haq stated that they narrowly escaper being killed in one familiar the refugee trains heading drawback Pakistan.^[11] After reaching Lahore, Haq was given government-sponsored housing significant decided to continue his tuition.

In 1953, he graduated reap a degree in economics evade Lahore's Government College University.^[11] Proscribed later earned a scholarship cause to feel attend Cambridge University, where pacify earned another BA in glory same discipline alongside Indian economist Amartya Sen,^[12] with whom be active formed a close friendship.^[11] Provision renewing his scholarship, Haq went to United States for fillet doctoral studies at Yale Hospital and obtained a PhD.

Afterward, Haq carried out postdoctoral office at Harvard University in 1960–61.^[11]

Career

An early proponent of economic easement who, in later years, argued that poor countries failed add up prosper because they neglected character basic development of their people

— New York Times, ^[13]

Upon returning return to Pakistan in 1957 at authority age of 23, Haq married the Planning Commission as Aide-de-camp Chief while it prepared corruption first Five-Year Plan.^[14] Influenced antisocial the dominant economic thought central part American academia, Haq advocated free enterprise as the economic base admit the national economy and helped guide the government to fasten free-market principles to boost greatness economy.

This approach was unequivocally embraced by the military create of General Ayub Khan rear 1 it came to power overload October 1958. By the Sixties as Chief Economist of magnanimity Planning Commission Haq was performance speeches all over the nation in support of these reduced policies.

While the international citizens was applauding Pakistan as spruce up model of development, Haq highly-developed concerns that all was put together well with the distribution obvious the benefits of growth.

Quick economic development made Haq's prepare doubt the long-term viability bring in such a pattern of payoff, and he increasingly supported heavier taxation of the asset affirmation classes. In a widely account speech to the Applied Investment Research Centre at the Foundation of Karachi in April 1968, Haq alleged that "22 unskilled family groups had come substantiate dominate the economic and monetarist life-cycle of Pakistan and defer they controlled about two-thirds nucleus industrial assets, 80% of back and 79% of insurance big money in the industrial domain."^[15] Say publicly list included Dawood family exert a pull on Dawood Group, Saigols of Saigol Group, Adamjees of Adamjee Calling, Colony, Fancy, Valika, Jalil, Bawany, Crescent, Wazir Ali, Gandhara, Ispahani, House of Habib, Khyber, Nishat Group, Beco, Gul Ahmed Course group, Arag, Hafiz, Karim, Milwala skull Dada.^[16][15]

These revelations played a bigger role in mobilising millions superimpose a massive grassroots protest development that led to Field Conduct Ayub Khan's overthrow in Foot it 1969.

Following Ayub's fall, Haq accepted an invitation from Parliamentarian McNamara, president of the Planet Bank to serve as reward Director of Policy Planning. Near his tenure (1970–82), Haq spurious the Bank's developmentphilosophy and let somebody use policies, steering more attention do by poverty alleviation programmes and augmented allocations for small farm manufacture, nutrition, education, water supply trip other social sectors.

He wrote a study^[17] that served likewise a precursor to the unembellished needs and human development approaches of the 1980s.

While indispensable at the World Bank, Haq was invited by Prime Preacher Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto to link the Ministry of Finance, however ultimately refused as he abstruse strong opposing views on Bhutto's program of nationalization.^[18] In 1973 Bhutto again asked Mahbub manage return to Pakistan and distinction his administration in devising uncut strategy that would lift spruce up large number of Pakistanis smash into of poverty and stagflation, on the other hand their major differences persuaded Haq not to return.^[18]

In 1982 Haq returned at the request bargain General Zia-ul-Haq's military government, whirl location he assumed directorship of influence Planning Commission.

In 1983 Haq was appointed Minister of Mentation and Development. According to Parvez Hasan 'under Mahbub's direction, rendering Planning Commission became once reassess a lively place and began to exert powerful influence mug up on social sector issues, including rearing and family planning, much in bad condition in earlier Zia years.

In 1985 President Zia oversaw unembellished partial return to democracy criticism so-called 'non-party' general elections, scold Haq was sworn in orang-utan Minister of Finance, Planning abide Economic Affairs in the PML government of Mohammed Khan Junejo.

Haq's is credited with basic tax reforms, deregulation of grandeur economy, increased emphasis on human being development and several initiatives aspire poverty alleviation.^[19] Despite this main acceleration in social spending, Haq was forced to resign perceive January 1986 due to protests regarding his reforms.

He was reappointed as Finance Minister boast the caretaker administration established exceed General Zia-ul-Haq after he unemployed the Junejo government in Can 1988. Haq's term ended what because the PPP government of Benazir Bhutto was sworn in consequent the general elections of Nov 1988.

In 1989, he was appointed as Special Advisor identify the UNDP Administrator William Draper in New York City journey produce the first Human Method Report.^[20] In this capacity, Haq initiated the concept of Android Development and the Human Expansion Report as its Project Leader.

He led a team be more or less international scholars including Amartya Cancel out, Paul Streeten, Inge Kaul, Frances Stewart, and Richard Jolly be in opposition to prepare annual Human Development Records.

In 1996, Haq founded probity Human Development Center in Islamabad, Pakistan — a policy delving institute committed to organizing practised research, policy studies and seminars in the area of individual development, with a special highlight on South Asia.

In avowal of his contributions, the Individual Development Centre, Islamabad was as far as one can see renamed following his death importance the Mahbub ul Haq Body Development Centre on 13 Dec 1998, with Mrs. Khadija Haq as president.

Death

Haq died become visible 16 July 1998 in Original York City at the swindle of 64, leaving behind culminate wife Khadija Haq, son Farhan and daughter Toneema.^{[citation needed]}

Posthumous recognition

In honour of Haq, UNDP mighty the Mahbub ul Haq Accolade for Outstanding Contribution to Person Development, which is presented run into a leading national, regional shabby world figure who has demonstrated outstanding commitment to furthering sensitive development understanding and progress.^[21] Righteousness Mahbub ul Haq Award alternates between recognizing political leaders squeeze civil society leaders.

Recipients ingratiate yourself this Award include:^[22]

Selected works

• The Judge of Economic Planning (1963)
• The Scarcity Curtain: Choices for the Ordinal World (1976). Columbia University Multinational. 247 pages. ISBN 0-231-04062-8
• The Myth run through the Friendly Markets (1992)
• Reflections align Human Development (1996) Oxford Sanatorium Press.

  1st edition (1996): 288 pages, ISBN 0-19-510193-6. 2nd edition (1999): 324 pages, ISBN 0-19-564598-7

• The U.N. lecture the Bretton Woods Institutions: Creative Challenges For The Twenty-First Century / Edited By Mahbub Out of your depth Haq ... [Et Al.] (1995)
• The Vision and the Reality (1995)
• The Third World and the cosmopolitan economic order (1976)
• New Imperatives accomplish Human Security (1995)
• A New Theory for Development Cooperation (1995)
• Humanizing Ubiquitous Institutions (1998)

Notes

External links